GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
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What is an element?
A pure chemical substance consisting of atoms all with the same atomic number (or the number of protons).
What is an ion?
A charged atom or molecule where the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons.
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons
What is the relative atomic mass of an element?
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
What is the relative atomic mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative atomic mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative atomic mass of an electron?
1/2000
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the charge of a neutron?
0 - No charge
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
Which group in the periodic table is called the halogens? Name two of the halogens.
Group 7 Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine
What is the charge of any halogen ion? Eg a chloride ion.
-1 So Cl-
Which group of the periodic table is called the alkali metals? Name two of the alkali metals.
Group 1 Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium
What is the charge of any alkali metal ion? Eg a sodium ion
+1 So Na+
Which group of the periodic table is called the alkaline earth metals? Name two of the alkaline earth metals.
Group 2 Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium
What type of bonding forms the chemical bonds between a metal and a non-metal?
Ionic bonding
What type of bonding forms the chemical bonds between two non-metals?
Covalent
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms.
What is an ionic bond?
A chemical bond that involves the attraction of two ions with opposing charges. This usually happens as a result of the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.
What is an isotope?
Different atomic forms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.