Unit 2 Membrane Transport
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
phospholipid bilayer
head: hydrophilic & polar fatty acid tails: hydrophobic & nonpolar
How would you describe the permeability of the plasma membrane?
semi permeable
what does the plasma membrane allow to pass through it?
• small • nonpolar • uncharged
what does the plasma membrane NOT allow to pass?
ions/charged molecules
transmembrane protein
channels or transporters that INCREASE the permeability of the plasma membrane
Vesicular transport
macromolecules pass via this method
What are the two major groups of membrane transport
passive and active
what are the types of passive transport
• simple diffusion • facilitated diffusion • osmosis
what is the gradient of passive transport
HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION/ WITHOUT THE USE OF ATP/ WITH OR DOWN THE GRADIENT
What are the types of active transport?
• primary active • secondary active • vesicular transport
what is the gradient of active transport
LOW TO HIGH CONCENTRATION/ WITH ATP/AGAINST OR UP THE GRADIENT
what is a concentration gradient
the difference between the amount of a chemical on one side of the membrane in comparison to the other
what is the difference between the concentration gradient inside and outside of the cell
OUTSIDE THE CELL: more O2 & Na ions INSIDE THE CELL: more CO2 & K ions
what is an electrical gradient
the difference between ions or charges between one side of the membrane and another
what determines an electrical gradient
membrane potential
what is the difference between the electrical gradient outside and inside the cell?
INSIDE THE CELL is more NEGATIVE OUTSIDE THE CELL is more POSITIVE
ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT
electrical gradient + chemical gradient
Simple diffusion
The random mixing of particles by stirring causes the articles to spread and produces kinetic energy
what is the concentration gradient of simple diffusion
high to low
what diffuses in simple diffusion
the SOLVENT & SOLUTE
What factors affect the rate of diffusion?
• Steeper Gradient: more significant difference in concentration • Higher temperature: heat generates more kinetic energy • Large membrane surface area • Distance of diffusion • smaller particle
what does diffusion look like through the lipid bilayer?
• nonpolar • hydrophobic
through what form of transport does GAS EXCHANGE occur?
diffusion
What are the 3 types of ion channels
• leakage • voltage-gated • ligand