Transition Metals
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What are some general properties of group d metals?
Good conductors of heat and electricity Hard Strong Shiny High melting points and boiling points
What is believed about a half full d sublevel?
It makes the atom more stable in the same way a full outer main level of a noble gas would.
What electrons are lost first when a positive transition metal ion is formed?
From the 4s sublevel.
What is the definition of a transition metal?
A transition metal forms at least one stable ion with a partially full (incomplete) d-shell of electrons.
Which 2 d block elements aren’t transition metals?
Scandium and zinc.
Why isn’t scandium a transition metal?
Sc^3+ is the only ion formed which is 3d^0.
Why isn’t zinc a transition metal?
Zinc only forms Zn^2+ (3d10).
What are the 4 chemical properties of transition metals?
Formation of coloured ions Catalytic activity Complex Formation Variable oxidation states
Describe the transition metal chemical property - colour.
Majority of transition metalions are coloured.
Describe the transition metal chemical property - variable oxidation states.
Transition metals have more than one oxidation state in their compounds e.g. Cu(I) and Cu(II). Thus they can take part in many redox reactions.
Describe the transition metal chemical property - catalysis.
Catalysts affect the rate of reaction without being used up or chemically changed themselves. Many transition metals and their compounds show catalytic activity.
What is the catalyst in the haber process?
Iron (heterogenous catalyst)
What is the catalyst in the contact process?
Vanadium oxide (heterogenous catalyst)
What is the catalyst in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide?
Manganese oxide
Describe the transition metal chemical property - complex formation.
Transition elements form complex ions. A complex ion is formed when a transition metal ion is surrounded by ions or other molecules called ligands, which are bonded to it by coordinate bonds.
How do transition metal ions form co-ordinate bonds?
By accepting electron pairs from other ions or molecules.
What is a ligand?
An ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons that forms a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal by donating a pair of electrons.
Give 4 examples of ligands.
:NH3 :Cl- :CN- H2O:
What is a complex ion?
A central metal atom or ion surrounded by ligands.
What is the co-ordination number?
The number of co-ordinate bonds to the central metal ion or atom.
What are ions with a co-ordination number of 6 called?
Octahedral
What are ions with a co-ordination number of 4 called?
Tetrahedral Square Planar
What are ions with a co-ordination number of 2 called?
Linear
What happens if you dissolve the salt of a transition metal in water?
The positively charged metal ion becomes surrounded by water molecules acting as ligands.