Additional Study Material for Final Exam
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What is a phenotype?
The physical appearance of an animal
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an animal
What is a genome?
The entire genetic material of an animal
What are genes?
The functional units of inheritance
What is the DNA composition?
Deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous base (A,G,C,T)
What sugar is present in RNA?
Ribose
What nitrogenous bases are present in RNA?
A, G, C, U
What are the bonding pairs in DNA?
A with T and C with G
What is replication?
The production of an exact replica of DNA
What is a mutation?
When replication is not exact due to chemical changes in DNA
What is migration?
Bringing new genotypes through breeding stock into a population
What is selection?
Using some animals as parents more than others
What are the two types of selection?
Natural and artificial
What information is included in DNA?
Directions for organization and metabolism of cells
How are amino acids coded for?
Through triplet codons of RNA
What are the two types of chromosomes?
Sex chromosomes and autosomes
What is the role of RNA?
To “read” the information on DNA and direct protein synthesis
What is transcription?
The synthesis of an mRNA strand by copying a DNA segment
What is translation?
Production of amino acids from RNA codon sequences
What is messenger RNA?
RNA that carries information about particular proteins and directs amino acid/protein synthesis
What is ribosomal RNA?
RNA that is essential for ribosomal structure and function
What is transfer RNA?
RNA that identifies codons in mRNA and moves amino acids into the proper place in the polypeptide chain
What is the locus?
The location of particular gene on a chromosome
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes with the same loci and structure