Unit 3.3
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What does memory process information?
Through encoding, storage and retrieval of information.
What are the 3 types of memory and what do they do?
Sensory : takes in all visual and auditory information received for a few seconds. Short- Term: can hold about 7 items for about 30 seconds. Long-Term: can hold an unlimited amount of information for a very long time.
How can memories be lost and why?
Displacement: older information is pushed out by new information. Decay: memory traces breakdown when groups of neurons are activated.
What are the methods of improving the capacity of short-term memory and what do they do?
• Chunking: grouping items together. • Rehearsal: helps maintain information in the short term memory by increasing the chances of it sticking in long-term memory. • Serial position effect: items at the start and the of a list are remembered unlike the ones in the middle.
What are the methods of transferring information from short-term to long-term memory and how does it work?
• Rehearse: Going over information repeatedly. • Organise: Putting the information that is to be transferred into logical categories which makes it easier to transfer to LTM. • Addition of further information or meaning which results in the information being more meaningful and interesting to easier transfer to LTM.
What are contextual cues?
Relates to the time and place when the information was initially encoded into the LTM.