4. Metallic Bonding
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What are the features of metallic bonding?
Positive metal ions; as outer shell electrons lost; in a giant lattice structure; with a sea of delocalised electrons
How does bonding work in metallic bonding?
Positive metal ions; attract the sea of negative electrons; due to electrostatic attraction; therefore metal ions bonded/attract indirectly
What are the electrical conductivity properties of metallic bonding and why?
Good conductor as solid and liquid; Electrons are free to move through the lattice
What are the thermal properties of metallic bonding?
Metals have high melting and boiling points; Metals are good conductors of heat.
Why do metals (often) have high melting and boiling points?
The forces of electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of negative electrons are strong; Lots of energy required to break the bonds.
What is a mixture of metals or metals and carbon called?
An alloy
What type of bonding is there in alloys?
Metallic
Why are alloys harder than pure metals?
Atoms in the lattice have different sizes; leading to the discontinuities/irregularities in the lattice structure; so more difficult/energy required for the atoms in the lattice to move (around each other); More force required to move the atoms into a new shape
What are the general properties of metallic bonding?
high melting and boiling points; good conductors of heat; good conductor as solid and liquid; malleable (under compression); ductile (under tension);
What are the properties of alloys compared to pure metals?
Harder Less malleble/ductile Stiffer/harder to bend