1.4 Proteins and Enzymes
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State 4 functions of proteins
structural (cell membrane)\ enzymes hormones antibodies
What gives proteins their different shapes and functions?
The sequence of amino acids
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that are made by living cells
What do enzymes do?
Enzymes speed up cellular reactions but remain unchanged in the process
What is the active site in an enzyme?
The active site is the site of the chemical reaction on an enzyme
What is a substrate?
A substrate is the substance that is acted on by the enzyme
What is a product?
The product is what is produced in a reaction
What happens to the substrate at the active site?
The substrate binds to the enzyme at the active site. The active site is specific to only one substrate.
What are optimum conditions?
Optimum conditions are conditions at which enzymes are most active
Name 2 factors that affect enzymes and other proteins and what do they result in
temperature pH They result in a changing in shape
What happens to an enzyme at high temperatures?
They become denatured, resulting in a change to the enzymes active site, affecting the rate of reaction.
What does a degradation enzyme do?
It breaks larger molecules into smaller molecules
Give an example of a degradation enzyme
Catalase
What does a synthesis enzyme do?
It builds smaller molecules into larger molecules
Give the word equation for a reaction of hydrogen peroxide using an enzyme
hydrogen peroxide–> oxygen+water catalase over the arrow
Give the word equation for a reaction of glucose-1-phosphate and an enzyme
glucose-1-phosphate –> starch Phosphorylase over arrow
Give the word equation for a reaction of starch and and an enzyme
Starch–> maltose Amylase over arrow
Give the word equation for a reaction of protein and an enzyme
protein –> peptides Pepsin over arrow
Give the word equation for the reaction between fat and an enzyme
Fat–> Fatty acids and glycerol lipase over arrow
Give an example of a synthesis enzyme
phosphorylase