Topic 2- Structure and Bonding
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What are the four main features of electrons in Niels Bohr model of the atom?
• Negative. • Orbit nucleus in discrete orbital shells. • Quantized positrons. • Specific energies.
What was Niels Bohr’s model later refined to?
Wave-mechanical model.
Which energy state is filled first?
The lowest.
What do principal quantum numbers tell us? (K, L, M, N, O)
The distance from the nucleus. The principal quantum numbers represent different layers of electrons.
What does the second quantum number, I, tell us? (s, p, d, f)
Shape of the subshell. The shape affects the number of electrons.
What does the magnetic quantum number, mI, tell us? (-2, -1,0, 1, 2)
The orientation in space.
What does the spin quantum number, mS, tell us? (+1/2, -1/2)
The spin on the electron.
What is an atom and what does it consist of?
Smallest piece of an element. Consists of protons, neutrons and electrons.
What are the maximum number of electrons in each subshell? (s, p, d, f)
s orbital = 2 p orbital = 6 d orbital = 10 f orbital = 14
What creates a stable electron configuration (unreactive)?
Complete s and p subshells.
What is the electron configuration of helium?
1s^2
What is the electron configuration of neon?
1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6
What is the electron configuration of argon?
1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6
What is the order in which shells fill up?
1s-2s-2p3s-3p4s-3d4p5s-4d5p6s-4f5d6p7s-5f6d7p
Which Russian chemist and inventor is the periodic table credited to?
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907).
What determines the observed properties of elements?
Their atomic structure.
What is the atomic (top) number?
The number of protons/ electrons.
What is the atomic mass?
The number of protons + neutrons.
Why isn’t the atomic mass a whole number?
Isotopes which have a different number of neutrons.
How are elements grouped in the periodic table?
Into columns that have a similar number of valence electrons and thus properties.
What is relative atomic mass?
Mass of 1 mol (6.02x10^23 atoms).
What is an atomic mass unit?
1/12 mass of a carbon-12 atom (98.9% of carbon atoms).
What are valence electrons?
The electrons within the outer shell so that will react.
What are electron donors and which side of the periodic table are they found on?
Metals. Left.