Topic 2 - Cells and Control
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
In human cells, what is a chromosome?
a structure found in nuclei, containing a DNA molecule
What type of cell division forms two identical daughter cells?
mitosis
In which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?
interphase
In which stage of the cell cycle, at the end of mitosis, does the one cell divide into two?
cytokinesis
What term describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes?
diploid
Where are plant meristems found?
tips of plant shoots and roots [also just inside bark of trees]
What happens in a plant meristem?
Cells divide rapidly by mitosis as the plant grows unspecialised/stem cells
What happens during cell differentiation?
Cells develop special features that help them carry out a particular function.
Why is cell differentiation important to plants and animals?
Specialised cells are more effective at carrying out different functions in the body.
A root hair cell is a specialised cell. What is its function?
to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil
How is a root hair cell specialised to carry out its function?
It has a long extension into the soil that increases the surface area for absorption
Explain how one specialisation of a xylem vessel helps it carry out its function.
any one from: thickened wall to prevent collapse of tube/withstand pressure of water; no cell cytoplasm and lost cell walls to form long tubes through which water flows up the plant; small holes in thick cell wall so water can pass into and out of the vessel from surrounding cells
Name one feature, other than mass, that could be measured to show growth in a plant.
any suitable measure that will show change over time, such as: height, tree girth, leaf area, number of leaves
Name the type of cell division that cells use to make identical copies of themselves.
mitosis
What type of cell has the ability to differentiate into specialised cells?
stem cell
In what organ system would you find nerve cells?
the nervous system
Are nerve cells diploid or haploid?
diploid
What part of a nerve cell contains chromosomes?
nucleus
What part of a nerve cell makes proteins?
ribosomes
Nerve cells require a lot of energy. What cell structure would you expect them to have a lot of?
mitochondria
What is a nerve cell specialised to do?
carry electrical signals/impulses
List your senses.
touch, hearing, sight, taste, smell, balance, temperature and plenty of others
State the name of one organ in the nervous system.
brain, spinal cord or nerves or a named sense organ
What type of cells detect stimuli?
receptor cells