Random Chemistry 🧪
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Formation of electrophile during nitration of benzene:
2H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ –> 2HSO₄- + H₃O+ + NO₂+
Reagent for the hydrolysis of a peptide bond
CONCENTRATED NaOH or CONCENTRATED HCl
How would you name a compound containing two aldehyde groups?
alkanedial
How would you name a compound containing two ketone groups?
alkane - x,y - dione
how would you name a compound containing a ketone group and a carboxylic acid / aldehyde?
y-oxoalkanoic acid OR y-oxoalkanal
how would you maximise the amount of primary amine formed during nucleophilic substitution?
use an excess of ammonia
how would you maximise the formation of a quaternary ammonium salt during nucleophilic substitution?
use an excess of halogenoalkane
define periodicity
repeating trends
suggest a reagent for the conversion of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³+ to [Fe(H₂O)₆]²+
excess Zn
state the main observation produced when NaBr is added to sulfuric acid
orange fumes
how many lone pairs does oxygen have
2
equation for formation of acid rain
SO2 + H2O –> H2SO3
sugar in DNA
2-deoxyribose
suggest why condensation polymers are biodegradable whereas addition polymers aren’t (2 marks)
• As there is a polar C=O group - Therefore, it can be attacked by nucleophiles (leading to breakdown)
how do hydrogen bonds form within proteins (3 marks)
• nitrogen + oxygen are very electronegative • so C=O and N-H are polar • so lone pair on oxygen atom attracted strongly towards the partially positive hydrogen