Chemistry Test 1

H = cation (first) X = anion Ends in (aq)

3 scenarios: ends in ide ends in ate ends in ite

• Add hydro • ends in “ic” • add “acid” to the end • usually H and an element ex) hydrogen and fluorine (fluorIDE) hydrofluoric acid

• change ending to “ic” • add acid to the end • H and polyatomic ion ex) hydrogen and nitrate • nitric acid

• change ending to ous • add acid at the end • H and polyatomic ion ex) Hydrogen and nitrate • nitrous acid

double displacement single displacement synthesis decomposition combustion

• two ionic compounds • exchange of the cations

Look for: - Two ionic compounds on BOTH sides of the equation

A special type of double displacement reaction where an acid (HX) and a base (XOH) combine to create water and a “salt”

Look for: - Two ionic compounds on BOTH sides of the equation - on the left, look for HX (aq) and XOH OR XHCO3. - on the right, look for water (if you can see the products).

a lone element swaps places with an element in a compound - metals replace metals (cations) - non-metals replace non-metals (anions) Restrictions: - Activity Series

a characteristic of metals the ranks them in order of most reactive to least reactive. - Determines if the reaction will happen or not

When the lone metal is more reactive than the metal in the compound.

one compound breaks down into two (or more) components. It is an endothermic reaction, meaning it requires energy to force apart the compound, making it become cold.

Two (or more) components coming together to create one large compound. It is an exothermic reaction, meaning heat is a result of the reaction as a product.

There are four special cases when it comes to decomposition and synthesis reactions.

a non-metal oxide (ex. SO3) + water will always form an acid. An acid will always decompose into a non-metal oxide and water.

a metal oxide + water will always form a metal hydroxide (OH). A metal hydroxide will always decompose into water + a metal oxide.

All carbonates decompose into carbon dioxide and an oxide. Carbon dioxide and an oxide will synthesize into a carbonate.

All chlorates will break down into oxygen and a “salt” A “salt” and oxygen will synthesize into a chlorate

• also known as burning Contains a hydrocarbon (C6H6) reactants: hydrocarbon and pure oxygen Products: carbon dioxide + water

SPECIAL CASES: In synthesis and decomposition reactions, ALWAYS look for… non-metal oxide and water, metal oxide and water, carbonates, and chlorates. STATES Balance everything out!! SINGLE DISPLACEMENT: Activity series DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT: Acid neutralization (look for HX + XOH)