Motor Learning: Stages of and Measuring ML - E2
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Define Motor Learning
A set of internal processes associated w/a practice or experience leading to a relatively permanent change in the capability for skilled behaviour
What is the time frame of motor learning
minutes, hours, or days
Define a skill
Individual’s ability to consistently achieve a goal under a wide variety of conditions
List the three phases of motor learning
Cognitive Associative Autonomous
What is the cognitive phase? b) learner? c) Strategies? d) performance? e) Improvements?
“The talking and demonstration phase” • Learner is new • Experiments w/many strat • Variable perfom • Improvements are rapid
What is the associative phase? b) learner? c) Strategies? d) performance? e) Improvements?
“The less talking phase” • Learner is refining the skill • Learner selected the strategy • Performance is less variable • Improvements much slower rate
How long does the cognitive phase last?
Minutes, hours, days
How long does the associative phase last?
Days, weeks, months
What is the autonomous phase?
• Skills are automatic w/less attn to primary task • Begin to attend to secondary tasks or other sensory aspects of the environment • May alter performance to conserve E
What is the take home message on Motor Learning?
Individuals need to go through these stages and some need certain stages more than others
What happens w/performance across the three phases of ML?
It increases in a log shaped manner
What happens to error across the phases of ML?
It decreases in a log-shaped manner
Is there variability b/t learners?
Yes
What are good ways to document progress?
• Progression by increased performance - Progression by decreased failure
What are other methods to measure ML?
• Automaticity (Can complete dual-tasking etc) • Effort (decreased HR, RPE) • Retention of a skill (pre-test one day to pre-test next session) • Generalizability of a skill
Learning vs training
• Learning is relatively permanent changes in the capability to achieve a goal whereas training is temporary changes in performance
What type of test reflects TRUE motor learning?
A retention test
What is the goal of treatment?
Retention/maintaining what a Pt learned in a pervious session (Carry-over)
What is a difference score?
Diff. b/t the last performance trial and the first retention trial - measures learner retention
What is a savings score?
The number of trials required to the subject to reach the level of proficiency achieved in the OG performance
What is generalizability/transfer of a skill
The ability to use what was learned in one task in another task
What is true of transfer b/t motor tasks?
• It is small - Depends on similarity of tasks