Mutations
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what is a mutation?
• a change to the nucleotide sequence of DNA
when is a mutation likely to take place?
• during interphase
when do mutations happen?
• they are sponatenous mutations made when replicating DNA (interphase)
what is a substitution mutation?
• One base is swapped for another
what is an insertion mutation?
• an extra base is added
what is a deletion mutation?
• A base is removed
what impact does a substitution have on the amino acid sequence?
• no change • if does have an impact, change a single amino acid
what impact does a Insertion and deletion have on the amino acid sequence?
• frame shift - all the following triplet in the sequence are affected
what does neutral mean?
• has no effect on the function of the polypeptide • no effect on fitness of the organism
what does it mean a mutation is advantegous?
• causes a change that improves the function of the polypeptide • high chances of survival and reproduction • e.g. make active site more complementary to substrate
what does it mean a mutation is harmful?
• cause a change that makes a non- function protein • low changes of survival and reproduction e.g. cystic fibrosis/ CTFR