3.13 Amino acids, Proteins and DNA

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Amino acid

Back (Answer)

Contains both an amine group and a carboxylic acid group

Front (Question)

α-amino acids

Back (Answer)

Have the amine group and the carboxylic group attached to the same carbon

Front (Question)

What kind of isomerism occurs in naturally occurring amino acids?

Back (Answer)

Optical isomerism in all except glycine (which has H as its R group)

Front (Question)

Amino acids are __________

Back (Answer)

amphoteric

Front (Question)

Products of amino acid + alkali

Back (Answer)

Carboxylate salt (Carboxylate group acts as an acid)

Front (Question)

Products of amino acid + acid

Back (Answer)

Ammonium salt (amine group acts as a base)

Front (Question)

Isoelectric point

Back (Answer)

The pH at which the molecule has no net electric charge

Front (Question)

Zwitterions

Back (Answer)

• Where each carboxyl group donates a proton to an amine group • Exist at the isoelectric point

Front (Question)

What effects the isoelectric point?

Back (Answer)

Acidic or basic groups in the side chain - Acidic groups lower it - Basic groups increase it

#10

Front (Question)

At pH below the isoelectric point, the amino acid acts as…..

Back (Answer)

a base

#11

Front (Question)

At pH above the isoelectric point, the amino acid acts as…..

Back (Answer)

an acid

#12

Front (Question)

Physical properties of amino acids

Back (Answer)

• Crystalline ionic solids with relatively high melting points • Soluble in water but not very soluble in non-polar solvents (Both due to charges of zwitterions)

#13

Front (Question)

Peptide

Back (Answer)

Compound made of amino acids joined by peptide links

#14

Front (Question)

How are peptide links formed?

Back (Answer)

Condensation reactions

#15

Front (Question)

Name for the part of the amino acid left after a condensation reaction

Back (Answer)

Amino acid residue

#16

Front (Question)

Polypeptides

Back (Answer)

Condensation polymers of amino acids

#17

Front (Question)

Reagent and conditions for acid hydrolysis of peptides

Back (Answer)

R: 6M aqueous HCl C: Reflux for 24hrs

#18

Front (Question)

Products of acid hydrolysis of peptides

Back (Answer)

Ammonium salts

#19

Front (Question)

Reagents and conditions for alkaline hydrolysis of peptides

Back (Answer)

R: Moderately concentrated aqueous NaOH C: Heat

#20

Front (Question)

Products of alkaline hydrolysis of peptides

Back (Answer)

Carboxylate salts and water

#21

Front (Question)

Requirement for proteins to have a quaternary structure

Back (Answer)

Must have more than one polypeptide chain

#22

Front (Question)

Primary structure

Back (Answer)

The sequence of amino acids in a protein chain

#23

Front (Question)

Why is the primary structure relatively stable?

Back (Answer)

There are strong covalent bonds between the amino acid residues

#24

Front (Question)

Secondary structure

Back (Answer)

A regular three dimensional structure formed by part of a protein chain such as an α-helix or β-pleated sheet