10/20 organic chemistry

the formula that gives the simplest whole number ratio of the different types of atom within the compound

shows the number of each type of atom present. nothing about bonding

shows how the surrounding atoms and groups are arranged around successive carbon atoms in the backbone chain of the molecule. other than for cyclic structures, no bonding is shown.

shows all of the atoms and the bonds (represented as lines)

most hydrogen atoms are omitted and the line ends or vertices represent carbons. functional groups and atoms other than carbon or hydrogen are still shown. easiest to draw and commonly used.

-ane

-ene

-yne

-ol

-al

-one

-oic acid

-yl -oate

meth

eth

prop

but

pent

hex

hept

oct

a double bond between carbons

a single bond to a halogen

a single bond to an oxygen and then a single bond to a hydrogen