Introduction To Pharmacology - Tutorial 4
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Define the three different drug names
• Chemical name: describes the chemical composition, e.g. N-acetyl-p-aminophenol • Generic name: the official name listed in publications and used for prescribing. E.g paracetamol • Trade (brand name): marketed name, E.g. Panadol
Define the term pharmacodynamics
The effect of the drug on the body
Define the terms agonist & antagonist
• Agonist - binds to and activates receptor • Antagonist - binds to and deactivates receptor
Define the term pharmacokinetics
How the body affects a specific drug after administration
Name and describe the four pharmacokinetic processes in correct sequence
• Absorption - refers to the passage of medications from the site of administration into the blood. • Distribution - refers to the movement of the drug from the blood to the body’s tissues. • Metabolism - is the process of chemical modification of the drug • Excretion - is the removal of the drug from the body
State three factors that would influence each of the four pharmacokinetic processes
• Absorption: • Route of delivery • Body surface area • Blood flow to the area of absorption • Distribution: • Tissue binding • Cardiac function • Capillary permeability • Metabolism: • Genetics • Age • Disease states • Environmental factors (e.g diet) • Excretion: • Sweat • Bile • Breast milk
State five ways that drugs can be excreted
• Sweat • Bile • Breast milk • Faeces • Expired Air
Explain hepatic first pass effect & drug bioavailability
• Hepatic first pass effect - orally admistered drugs travel first through the portal system and liver before entering the systemic circulation - a variable amount of drug may be extracted before entering the systemic circulation Drug bioavailability - The proportion of the administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation intact - drugs delivered intravenously have 100% bioavailability