Biology - Typical and Specialised Cells
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What are all living things made of?
Cells
What are cells?
The building blocks of every organism
Name 3 typical cells
Plant, animal and bacterial
Plant, animal and bacterial cells are specialised cells. True or false?
False. Plant, animal and bacterial cells are typical cells.
Cells can be split into 2 types? What are they?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic cells are found in all plant and animal cells. True or false?
True, all animal and plant cells are eukaryotic
Define a Eukaryotic cell
A complex cell with a clearly defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Define a Prokaryotic cell.
A simple cell with no nucleus
Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria. True or false?
True, prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria.
Which cells are more complex? Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic, the cells found in animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are more simple and found in bacteria.
What are sub-cellular structures?
The different parts of a plant and animal cell (also known as organelles)
Name the 5 sub-cellular structures (or organelles) that plant and animal cells have in common
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
What additional sub-cellular structures (or organelles) do plant cells have that animal cells don’t have? (3)
Cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole
What is the function of the nucleus in plant and animal cells?
The nucleus contains DNA which controls what the cell does
Where is DNA stored in plant and animal cells?
In the nucleus
What is cytoplasm in plant and animal cells?
A jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the cell MEMBRANE in plant, animal and bacteria cells?
It controls what enters and leaves the cell and holds its contents
What is the function of mitochondria in plant and animal cells?
Carries out aerobic respiration to release energy
A cell contains many ribosomes. Suggest the function of the cell, and explain your answer (2).
Function: Are tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs, which is essential for the growth and repair of the cell.
What are the function of ribosomes in plant, animal cells and bacteria cells (or what is the function of ribosomes in cells)?
To make proteins for the cell
A plant cell has a cell wall, unlike animal cells which don’t. What is the purpose of the cell wall?
Supports and strengthens the cell wall.
An animal cell has a cell wall. True or false?
False, only plant cells have a cell wall. (Animal and plant cells have a cell membrane).
What is the cell wall in plant cells made of?
Cellulose.
What is the jelly like substance called in animal and plant cells?
Cytoplasm.