Health Science 2.01 Skeletal Test
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Bones are able to store minerals when our body needs them, name two minerals that the bones store:
Calcium and phosphorous
The red marrow of the bone is a site for blood cell formation, what is this function called?
Hemopoiesis
What function of the skeletal system uses muscles as an aid?
Movement
Give an example of how the skeletal system protects internal organs:
Ribs protect heart and lungs/Skull protects brain
What is the soft spot on a newborn babies head called?
Fontanel
What are bone forming cells called?
Osteoblasts
What do osteoclasts do to bone?
Dissolve and break down old/damaged bone.
What does ossification mean?
The process of creating bone. (Minerals replace cartilage)
What is the outer covering of bone called?
Periosteum
The ends of long bone is called what?
Epiphysis
What does the term diaphysis mean?
Shaft or central part of long bone.
Describe spongy bone:
Softer, more delicate bone
In the center of the long bone is a canal that is filled with yellow bone marrow, what is it called?
Medullary Canal
There is a lining inside the marrow canal that keeps it intact, what is this called?
Endosteum
There are 4 bone types, name them:
Long, irregular, short, flat
Describe the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?
Axial has skull, vertebrae, ribs. Appendicular has outer upper and lower extremities.
Your thoracic area is protected by what 3 bone structures?
Vertebra, ribs, and sternum.
Describe the bones that make up your wrist?
Short bones, 8 small bones arranged in two rows, carpal bones
What is the largest bone in your body? What is the second largest bone?
Femur and humerus
Name the four types of diarthroses joints:
Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot
Describe the difference between amphiarthroses and synarthroses joints:
Amphiarthroses = partially moveable Synarthroses = immovable
Describe the types of motion: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction, Rotation, Pronation, Supination
Flexion: Moves two bones closer together Extension: Increases angle/distance between two bones Abduction: Away from the midline Adduction: Toward the midline Circumduction: Movement in a circular motion Rotation: Twisting movement of a bone Pronation: Palms downward or upward Supination: Palms upward or forward
Describe a bone fracture and what symptoms you will see with one:
A break in a bone, causes pain, swelling, and loss of movement
Describe four types of fractures: Greenstick, Closed/Simple, Open/Compound, Comminuted
Greenstick: Partly bent but not fully broken Closed/simple: Not broken through skin Open/compound: Broken through skin Comminuted: Broken in many places; splintered