Chapter 4

All of the organisms living in an area together with their physical abiotic environment. Does not have clear boundaries All things are connected-energy from the sun Things move from one ecosystem to another Ex: pollen (blow from a forest into a field) Soil (can wash from a mountain into a lake) Birds (migrate from state to state)

Energy, mineral nutrients, water, oxygen, and living organisms Most of the energy of an ecosystem comes from the sun All things are connected; if one part is destroyed/changes the entire system will be affected

Environmental factors that associate or result from the activity of living organisms which Include plants, animals, Dead organisms and waste product of organisms

Environmental factors that are not associated with the activity of living things Which are Air, water, rocks, sand, light, and temp

Living things that carry out life independently Every organism is a member of a species

A group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring

A group of the same species in the same place Usually breed with each other and not other populations

A group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other. Made up of different populations Only biotic components.

The place where an organism lives. Includes abiotic and biotic factors that the organisms that lives there needs to survive.

Charles Darwin observed that organisms in a population differ slightly from each other In form, function, and behavior Environment exerts a strong influence over which individuals survive to produce offspring and because of their different traits and genetic characteristics they are more likely to survive and reproduce

Is the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survival and reproduce more successfully than less adapted individuals do

Process of becoming adapted to the environment increasing your chance of survival (Inherited)

Is a change in the characteristics of a population from one generation to the next

Two species evolving in response to long term interactions with each other

Both organisms benefit from each other

One organism evolves and has a negative effect on another organism

The ability of an organism to tolerate a chemical or disease causing agent

Selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific characteristics Ex. Fruit: Farmer save seeds for the largest and sweetest fruits to produce larger and sweeter fruit

1) insects are sprayed with only a few surviving 2) the survivors pass the trait of survival to their offspring 3) hen the same pesticide is used more and more insects become immune

Archaea- unicellular, no nuclei, harsh environment, reproduce by dividing in half Bacteria- unicellular, no nuclei, cell wall, common, reproduce by dividing and half Eukarya-uni/multicellular, reproduce sexually and asexually, cells contain nuclei

Fungi-live on land mostly, absorb their food through their body surface, have cell walls Protista- live in water mostly, most are unicellular some multi Plantae- multicellular, have cell walls, make food by photosynthesis Animalia- multicellular, no cell wall, ingest food, live on land and water

Differ from bacteria in genetics and cell wall makeup

Microscopic unicellular organisms that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by division

Organism whose cells have nuclei and cell wall that acts like a mini skeleton allowing fungi to stand up straight. Mushroom Break down dead organisms by releasing chemicals into the atmosphere (Athletes foot)