immunology

phagocytosis and microbial killing

bacteria and fungi

neutrophil granules from neutrophils are toxic and destroy bacteria. lytic granules are from Natural killer cell that kill virus infected cells and cancer

rolling adhesion tight binding diapedesis migration

cytokines and chemokines to initiate inflammatory response

transcription factor NfkB to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines

released by macrophages to induce local protective effect. damaging when released systemically

initiates adaptive immune response forms bridge between innate and adaptive immune response

cell mediated immunity (T helper cells and T cytotoxic cells) and humoral immunity (B cells)

part of antigen that antibody receptors bind to

kills tumor cells

by getting antigens from cytosolic or vesicular compartments

complex of viral peptide with MHC class 1 and kills infected cell

antigen presented by MHC class 2

when intracellular pathogen and its constituents cannot be eliminated

3 signals

cytokines

regulatory molecules that coordinate immune response

are transmembrane proteins that transmit signal to cell by ligand binding

GI tract respiratory urogenital

inflammation by cytokines damaged tissue left for repair

macrophage activated but no inflammation effector cells respond activates adaptive immunity effector b cells and t cells colonized infection minor tissue damage or no need for repair

intestinal epithelium and lamina propria

trigger development of secondary lymphoid tissue