Chapter 6
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Identify the inramolecular forces
metallic, ion-ion, covalent network
Identify the intermolecular forces
dipole dipole hydrogen dispersion/van der Waals
When vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure, what occurs?
BOILING
Identify the characteristics of metallic solids and give some examples.
• conducts electricity • strong, but NOT brittle • malleable • lustrous Copper
T/F? Both metallic solids and ionic compounds conduct electricity.
FALSE - only metallic solids conduct electricity
Diamond, graphite, and silica are hard compounds that are held together by ______ ______. What are these types of compounds called?
covalent compounds
Which types of solids are soft and have a low melting point? a) ionic b) molecular c) covalent d) metallic
B
How many total atoms do simple, body, and face centered cells contain?
simple = 1 body = 2 face = 4
Describe the phase changes that occur from solid > liquid > gas, and from solid > gas. Do these phase changes consume or release heat? Exothermic or endothermic? Positive or negative entropy?
solid > liquid = fusion liquid > gas = vaporization solid > gas = sublimation These phase changes consume heat (endothermic; positive delta H), which will increase entropy (positive entropy)
Describe the phase changes that occur from gas > liquid > solid, and from gas > solid. Do these phase changes consume or release heat? Exothermic or endothermic? Positive or negative entropy?
gas > liquid = condensation liquid > solid = crystallization gas > solid = deposition These phase changes release heat (exothermic; negative delta H), which will decrease entropy (negative entropy)
What is the difference between the triple point and critical point in a phase diagram?
triple point - where all three phases are in equilibrium critical point = liquids and gases no longer exist/are indistinguishable
In most compounds, an increase in pressure will favor the ____ state. In water, an increase in pressure favors the ____ state because water is more dense as a ______. The phase diagram for water has a slope that leans to the _____ because of this.
solid, liquid, liquid, left
In order to arrange molecules by boiling point, identify which ones have the strongest ______ _______.
intermolecular forces - polarity would rank highest
A molecule has hydrogen bonding present only if the atoms _____, _____, or ____ are DIRECTLY BONDED to hydrogen.
N, O, F
• Which of the following statements is true regarding the vapor pressure of a liquid? I. Vapor pressure of a liquid increases with increasing temperature. II. Liquids that have higher vapor pressure boil at a lower temperature. III. Liquids that have high vapor pressure are volatile. A. I only B. III only C. I and II only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III
E
Ionic solids will have what type of characteristics in regards to melting point, brittleness, conductivity, solubility in water, and how hard or soft it is?
• MP = high • very brittle • poor conductor • water soluble • hard