Lecture 5

A way of asking and answering questions about the physical universe, it is a process of inquiry

Reproducible observations and carefully controlled experiments. Which is what sets it apart from religion, arts, and philosophy

A loop around preconceptions. Observations and experiments must be reproducible, identifying patterns that generalize our experience into a synthesis, a theory whihc must be tested by using it to make predictions, and a prediction to see if it behaves as predicted or is parameters need to be refined

Every law and theory of nature is subject to change based on new observations, meaning it is never ending, and you can join the cycle at any point as it is continuous

A formalized search for regularities in nature based on predictable and regular aspects of nature, as we seek to find more successively detailed and exact descriptions of wider areas of the physical world

The bottom is the grain of truth that might exist, and a scientist goes down the spiral to understand the world

Predictability, because without predictable physical events, the scientific method wouldn’t proceed, because there would be no repetition and no consistent patterns

electromagnetism, gravity, strong force, and weak force (they are also called field forces or noncontact forces or at-a-distance forces

unified force that is caused by an interaction between electricity and magnetism

The Greek world electro, or amber

Thales of Miletus discovered static charge when they observed that amber rubbed with wool could attract lightweight objects

Forces that move objects toward and away from each other, there are two kinds of electrical charges

Opposities attract, and like charges repel.

There is a positively charged nucleus made up of positive protons and neutral neutrons, and high-speed negative electrons circle it because of the opposite charges of the neutrons and the protons. Though most atoms are electrically neutral because protons and electrons are equal

Electrons in outer orbits are loosely bouund and can be removed from the atom. When they are stripped the atom has a net positive, but if extra electrons are added there is a net negative charge

Electrons get stripped from your hair, causing your hair to be positively charged, while the electrons are added to the comb, making it negatively charged. The electrical charges can be passed from one object to another by touching or rubbing.

Lightning is a violent electrical discharge where warm air rises, clouds get bigger, ice crystals form near the top, and when they crash into each other, the electrons are knocked off and added to other ice, causing a positive top and a negative bottom