Conservation & Biodiversity

Bacteria doesn’t stick easily, so a coating material used in hospital operating theatres imitates this for reduced bacterial infection.

Cinchona Tree = quinine for malaria protection Yew Tree = Taxol to treat cancers Shark Antibodies = AD 114 for lung fibrosis

Hippopotamus skin = hipposuduric acid, a natural sunscreen and antimicrobial agent Marsupials and Purple Sea Urchins = Study embryology Armadillo = leprosy vaccine test

Introduced cactoblastis moth from South America to Australia

Introduced Encarsia formosa parasitic wasp

• Disease Resistance • Salt-tolerance • Drought Resistance • High Yield • Improved Taste/Appearance • Nutrient Uptake

Total number of different genes present in all individuals in a population of a particular species

• Atmospheric Composition • Hydrological Cycle • Biogeochemical Cycles • Soil Maintenance • Interspecies Relationships • Food • Pollination • Seed Dispersal • Habitat Provision

• Trees provide nest sites for birds • Hermit crabs live inside shells of dead molluscs • Trees control abiotic conditions beneath the canopy

• Found in Madagascar • 30cm long tube • Specific to the Sphinx Moth

Means that there is no risk of less specialised feeders wasting the pollen by carrying it to the flowers of other plant species

• Endemic to Banggai Islands of Indonesia • Endangered due to excessive collection for the pet trade

Deoxygenation: reduces the survival of aerobic organisms that can no longer aerobically respire Drainage: allows taller competing plants to colonise areas of land that were suitable for specialised species e.g. sundew

Kills them by blocking their gills e.g. bivalve molluscs

• They are not ruminants so do not repeatedly chew their food and kill the seeds • They are not territorial so they spread seeds over larger areas

• Introduced to improve food supplies • predated indigenous fish species, such as chichlids, many of which are not extinct.

• Grey squirrels from North America brought squirrel pox virus • Signal Crayfish from North America brought fungal pathogen • Tree pathogens include Ash Dieback, Dutch Elm Disease and Sudden Oak Death.

When an introduced species is very closely related to an indigenous species, cross-breeding can produce fertile hybrids.

• Red Deer and Sika Deer • Scottish wildcat and domestic cats

• Coordinating global data on biodiversity conservation • Increasing understanding of the importance of biodiversity • Deploying nature-based solutions to global challenges in climate, food and sustainable development

• Lives in sub-Saharan Africa • Threats: hunting for food and traditional medicines, habitat loss and deaths caused by power line conditions IUCN: Near Threatened

• Endemic to forests of DRC • Threats: hunting and habitat loss • Conservation is difficult due to issues of military conflict • IUCN: Endangered

• Endemic to Fregate Island in the Indian ocean • Threats: introduced rats but eradication programmes in place • IUCN: Vulnerable

• 100 species of lemur, all endemic to Madagascar • 22 are Critically Endangered and 48 are Endangered • Threats: habitat loss and hunting for bushmeat