Immune system
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What is the first line of defense?
Skin, mucus, tears, cilia, stomach acid — barriers that block pathogens.
What is the second line of defense?
Inflammation, fever, neutrophils, phagocytes.
What is the third line of defense?
they are the adaptive immune system: Lymphocytes (T-cells and B-cells) that create specific immune responses.
What do neutrophils do?
Search for infections, crawl toward bacteria, perform phagocytosis, and die after.
How long do neutrophils live?
3–12 hours in blood; 2–3 days total.
What do lymphocytes do?
Produce antibodies to inactivate foreign invaders.
What are the types of lymphocytes?
T-cells and B-cells.
Are bacteria living or non-living?
Living.
Can bacteria reproduce on their own?
yes
Do antibiotics kill bacteria?
yes
Q: Are viruses living or non-living?
A: Non-living.
How do viruses reproduce?
A: They must infect a host cell.
: Do antibiotics work on viruses?
A: No.
What is active immunity?
they make their own antibodies after being exposed to germs
What is created during active immunity?
Memory B-cells and memory T-cells.
What is passive immunity?
A: Antibodies are given (ex: mother to baby).
What is phagocytosis?
A: When WBCs (like neutrophils) engulf and destroy bacteria.
What is pus made of?
Dead neutrophils and bacteria.
parts of immune system: thymus, bone-marrow, spleen, lympathtic system, liver
thymus: helps mature t-cells bone-marrow: produces wbc, rbc spleen: stores wbcs & platelets, removes old rbcs lypm system: lymph nodes filter the blood and lymph fluid liver: detects,captures, and gets rid of bacteria & viruses
what are vaccine and how do they help?
vaccines are a shot or a medicine that helps you body learn how to fight back disease. IT helps the immune system recognize pathogens and build memory cells, so the body can respond quickly and prevent illness in the future