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which ALP enzyme travels closest to the anode following electrophoresis
liver, then bone/placenta,
which marker is used to determine non specific inflammation
CRP C reactive protien
what is the main isoenzyme of CK
CK3 ( CK- MM) MM= Much more
which enzyme can be measured in both serum & urine
amylase because of its small size
what coagulation factor is increased in liver disease ( what test would be preformed ?
PT- INR
if a patient has alcoholic cirrohiss
GGT
what enzyme would be elevated if a patient had viral hepatitis
AST
if a patient has something going on with their liver a protein will be decreased and fluid retention will be increased, what is that called and what is the protein
edema low albumin protein
what enzyme would be elevated in pancreatic carcinoma
post hepatic obstruction = ALP increased • any carcinoma/ tumor = obstruction= post hepatic
characteristics of an ideal cardiac marker
sensitive elevated quickly elevated long enough to be tested
conditions that cause an incresed anion gap
MUDPILES methanol uremia d p lactic acid ethanol salicilates
calculations to kno
anion gap osmolality osmolar gap total bilirubin- conjugated = unconjugated beers law henderson hassel back formula ( pH, HCO3 or PCO2) CSF (glucose is 60% of Blood glucose ) international units ( enzyme units) ( micromol/min/L )
if a patient has hypoparathyroidism
Calcium will be low phosphate will be increased
what is the biologically active form of calcium
ionized calcium
compleximetric dye method of calcium, why do we add 8 hydroxyquinoline
to prevent magnesium interference
potassium of 7.1 mmol/L what should you do
check for hemolysis- hemolysis = recollect no hemolysis rerun still critical = call physician
acid - base disturbance options *
uncompensated partially fully metabolic or respiratory acidosis or alkilosis
if a blood gas sample is exposed to air
pH increased O2 increase CO2 decreased
how is metabolic acidosis compensated
hyperventilation - expel CO2 and bring pH back to normal
what electrolyte is affected most by hemolysis
potassium, then magnesium
what is the anticoagulant for blood gas
heparin ( dry form )
what hormone is involved in increase & decrease in calcium levels
PTH - increases calcitonin - decreases
where is calcitonin produced
parathyroid
which 2 analytes is collected in grey top tube
• Lactate ( has to go on ice ) 2. alcohol levels for legal reasons ( we measure it on whole blood)