9. Fuels
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What is a fuel?
A substance that burns to release energy
What is meant by a fossil fuel?
A fuel formed from once living organisms
Name the 3 main fossil fuels
Crude oil Natural Gas Coal
What conditions are needed for fossil fuels to form?
Dead organisms High Pressure High Temperature Millions of years
What is the main substance in natural gas
What are the main substances found in coal?
What are the main substances in crude oil?
A fraction
A group of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points
What are the 2 main problems with fossil fuels?
• Pollution • They are finite
What does “finite” mean?
They will eventually run out Limited supply
Apparatus for testing products of combustion
What are the products of incomplete combustion of a fuel?
Carbon Monoxide and water
What are the products of complete combustion of a fuel?
Carbon Dioxide and water
What is the definition of combustion?
A substance reacting with oxygen to release energy
What is the definition of a pollutant?
A substance that causes harm when released into the environment.
What are the main gases that cause acid rain?
Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide
What are the main sources of SO2 release into the atmosphere?
Volcanic eruptions Combustion of coal (S impurities)
What is meant by acid rain?
Rain with a pH or less than than 5.5
What is the main sources of Nitogen Oxides into the atmosphere?
Lightning Spark plugs in car engines
What are the negative effects of acid rain?
Erosion of buildings and statues Erosion of metal structures Lowers pH of soil and prevents plant growth Strips bark from trees Lowers pH of lakes an rivers and Leeches minerals into water supplys