Ch06
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Define law of segregation
two alleles of the same gene segregate during meiosis, then re-unite in offspring
Define law of independent assortment
A given allele is transmitted from parent to offspring independently from other alleles
Define Codons
nucleotide triplets that correspond to one amino acid
Define Stop codons
nucleotide triplets that constitute a signal to end the translation process ex. UGA
Do changing the third position of codon change the amino acid?
No, genetic code is redundant
Define Point mutation
the change in one base of a codon
Define Synonymous (Silent) mutation
a base substitution resulting in no amino acid change
Define Non-synonymous
a base substitution resulting in amino acid change
Define Frameshift mutation
an insertion or deletion of a number of base pairs changing the reading frame
Define Chromosomal duplication
a mutation that occurs when a section of a chromosome is duplicated
Define Chromosomal deletion
a mutation where a large section of a chromosome is deleted
Define Inversion
a mutation where a section of a chromosome is rearranged in a 180 degrees flip
Define Translocation
a mutation where a section of one chromosome moves to another chromosome
What can mutation alter?
• the structure of a protein - the pathways of development
Name two-stage process that NS operates
the random generation of variation, followed by the differential replication of certain variants