1 Atomic Structure - Periodic Table
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What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in an atom
What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number - atomic number
How are the electrons arranged in atoms?
Orbiting the nucleus in shells
How many electrons can go in the first shell?
2
How many electrons can go in the second and third shells?
8
What are groups in the periodic table?
The columns, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0
What can the group tell you about the electrons in an atom?
How many electrons in the outer shell. E.g. carbon is in group 4 so has 4 electrons in the outer shell
What are periods in the periodic table?
The rows in the periodic table
What can the period tell you about the electrons in an atom?
How many shells an atom has. E.g. carbon is in the second period so has two shells
Why did Mendeleev put some elements in groups?
Because they had similar chemical properties (e.g. they reacted violently with water)
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?
For elements that had not been discovered yet
What is an ion?
an atom which has lost or gained electron(s)
How many electrons does calcium have?
20 (same as atomic number!)
How many electrons does silicon have?
14 (same as atomic number!)
How are the electrons in sulphur arranged?
2.8.6 (18 electrons total)
How are the electrons in magnesium arranged?
2.8.2 (12 electrons total)
How many electrons are in the outer shell of boron?
3 (it is in group 3!)
How many electrons are in the outer shell of phosphorous?
5 (it is in group 5!)
How many electrons are in the outer shell of sodium?
1 (it is in group 1!)
An element has three shells and three electrons in the outer shell. What element is it?
Aluminium (group 3, period 3
How many electrons are in the outer shell of Gallium?
3 (it is in group 3!)
Name the first 5 elements in the periodic table
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron
Name the first 10 elements in the periodic table
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon