lec 5

• mutation • recombination • genetic drift • natural selection • gene flow/migration

• Caused by errors during replication • Increases genetic variation

• Change in frequency of an allele due to random chance • We can never gain anything new from genetic drift and can only reduce genetic diversity • Stronger in smaller populations • when we have a small population its more likely to lose the last copy • Decreases genetic variation

• Created new combinations of mutation • Increases genetic variation in populations because it creates new combinations

• Mutations that reduce the fitness are removed by natural selection • Decreased genetic variation

• Mutation that increases fitness will become fixe in a population • Lose heterozygosity • Decreases genetic diversity

• Most mutation is bad • Natural selection will remove them • The only mutation we will e are the ones that just arose and haven’t had time to be wiped out

• Natural selection acts to maintain diversity over the long term • Increases genetic variation

• Flow of genes from 1 population to another • Decreases differences between populations because genes are getting shared • Increases genetic diversity in the population that receives the gene

• More advantage to have variation We should have a lot of genetic - variation and it should stick for a long time

• Most genetic variation is neutral • Lot of new mutation but it won’t be fixed or removed because its natural