Chapter 18

the smallest piece of digital data, either a “1” or a “0”.

A skid occurs when the tires of a vehicle stop rotating (or rotate very slowly) while the car continues to move forward.

The energy associated with the motion of an object and determined by the expression KE = ½ mv2

Combined weight imposed upon a structure that may vary greatly over time. Also called live loads.

Method for identifying the relevant features of a piece of evidence with as much certainty as possible, leading to an unambiguous identification of the material.

a collision were some or all of the kinetic is converted into other forms of energy, such as work or thermal energy.

A cumulative and progressive process that results in eventual damage to building materials, often through repetition of certain types of movements or pressures.

The field dealing with the legal investigation of how materials, processes, structures and objects fail in their intended function. The field also informs legal proceedings regarding accident reconstruction, tracking cyber-crime, and related functions.

a collision where the amount of kinetic energy is the same before and after the collision.

a constant on Earth indicating how fast an object is accelerated by gravity.

The ability of a structure to hold loads beyond those anticipated from the total of static and dynamic loads.

the impetus given to an object and defined as mass times acceleration.

Investigations that deal with trying to determine why certain processes, materials, structures or components failed in the performance of their intended function.

A numeric value that indicates the resistance an object encounters when moving over another surface.

The software that controls and runs the basic functions of the computer.

Random Access Memory.

Read Only Memory, digital memory that cannot be written over but can be read by a computer.

data stored on a hard drive that remains after a computer is turned off.

The ratio of the actual strength of the structure to the required strength of the structure.

a piece of digital information made up of eight bits. Kb is a kilobyte (1000 Bytes) and MB is a megabyte (1,000,000 bytes).

A method that attempts to associate a standard reference sample of known origin to a sample of unknown origin.

Compact Disk Read-Only Memory.

energy used to move a mass through a distance and defined as force times distance

monitoring of communications transmissions.