covalent bonding 4.2
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what happens when non-metal atoms bond
they share a pair of electrons to get a full outer shell
what is covalent bonding
electrostatic attraction between protons in 2 nuclei and a shared pair of electrons between them
what is a simple molecule
a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
how strong is covalent bonding attraction
very strong attraction
how strong are intermolecular forces in simple molecules
weak
what breaks when simple molecular substances boil
intermolecular forces
what is the relationship between molecular mass and boiling point
as molecular mass increase so does the boiling point, the strength of the intermolecular forces increases
can simple molecular substances conduct electricity
they can never conduct electricity because molecules are neutral and they have no charged particles that can move freely
what is C60 fullerene
a simple molecule composed of 60 carbon atoms in a ball
what is diamond
-pure carbon -giant lattice -tetrahedral shape strong arrangement
why does diamond sublime at a high temperature
-covalent bonds are very strong -lots of bonds in the giant lattice -lots of energy required to break all of the bonds
can diamond conduct electricity
no, there are no freely-moving charged particles
what is graphite
-pure carbon -giant lattice -weak intermolecular forces between layers -delocalised electrons inside each layer
why does graphite sublime at a high temperature
-covalent bonds are very strong -lots of bonds in the lattice -lots of energy required to break all of the bonds
why is graphite soft and slippery
layers can slide easily, used as a solid lubricant
why is diamond a hard substance
strong covalent bonds and lots of them, used in cutting
deos graphite conduct electricity
inside the layers the delocalised electrons can move freely
what is silicon dioxide
-giant covalent lattice -tetrahedral shape -strong, grid-like arrangement
which other giant covalent lattice does silicon dioxide have similar properties to
diamond
metal and non-metal bonding
-ionic bonding -giant lattice
properties of ionic bonding
-high mp/bp -insulator when solid -conductor when liquid and aqueous -brittle
non-metals bonding
-covalent bonding -simple molecules
properties of covalent bonding
-low mp/bp -insulator -dull
only metals bonding
-metallic bonding -giant lattice