Semester 2 Physical Science final
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Chemical formula
tells what elements and how many of each element are in a unit of that compound
Octet rule
atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have 8 electrons in their outer shell
Chemical bond
force that holds atoms together in a compound
Compound
two or more elements chemically combined
Ions
charged atom that has gained or lost electrons
Oxidation number
the charge on an ion
Ionic Bond
When atoms transfer electrons in order to be stable
Polyatomic Ions
a positively or negatively charged covalently bonded group of atoms
what is the difference between a cation and an anion?
Cation: positivley charged that have lost e. Anions: negatively charged ions that have gained e.
why does an ionic bond form? what are the two parts that make it up
They form when atoms transfer electrons in order to be stable, when a metal wants to give away electrons and a non mental wants to gain electrons
what is found in the electron cloud
electrons
what is found in the nucleus
protons and neutrons
what has a positive charge
protons
quarks make up these
neutrons and protons
what has a negative charge
electrons
what are used to calculate the mass number
protons
what can change between isotopes of an atom
neutrons
what can transfer between elements to create bonds
electrons
what is the difference between an insulator and a conductor
a insulator resists or blocks the flow of heat and prevents energy transfer, while a conductor allows for easy flow of heat
whats the difference between an open and closed circuit
a closed circuit allows current to flow while an open circuit does not
what are two ways an electric field and magnetic field are similar
they both excert force from a distance without physical contact, and they both have “like charges/poles” and “opposite charges/poles attract”
whats the difference btween kinetic and potential energy
kinetic energy is energy in motion while potential energy is stored energy
what are the 3 types of potential energy
elastic, chemical, gravitaional
Elastic potential energy
stored in objects being compressed;like a rubberband