RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY
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what is dyspnoea
a subjective feeling of breathlessness
what is haemoptysis
THE EXPECTORATION OF BLOOD OR BLOODY MUCUS
WHAT IS HYPERCAPNIA
AN INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL IN THE BLOOD CAUSED BY HYPOVENTILATION
WHAT IS HYPOXAEMIA
REDUCED O2 LEVEL IN TH EBLOOD
WHAT IS HYPOXIA
REDUCED O2 LEEL IN THE TISSUES
WHAT IS CYANOSIS
abolish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes
what are breath sounds created by
turbulent airflow in the respiratory tree
what is stridor breathing
a harsh or grating sound
what diseases can affect the upper respiratory tract
common cold viral sore throat croup influenza
what diseases can affect the lower respiratory tract
whooping cough pneumonia TB
who are URTI common in
children
what is infectious rhinitis also known as
common cold
what are the three most common viruses that cause the common cold
rhinovirus adenovirus echovirus
what is the pathophysiology of a common cold
virus invades nasal epithelium acute inflammation of nasal mucosa occurs (inc vascular permeability) (inc mucosa secretion) nasal congestion can then spread to sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media
do cold viruses cause cellular death
no
what is a secondary bacterial infection
when mucus discharge turns into purulent discharge (green/ yellow/ smelly)
what is the best management for colds
rest, fluids, good food, symptom relief
are antibtx indicated for a cold `
no `
what complimentary therapies are recommended for colds
zinc, vit c, echinacea
what is seasonal influenza
highly contagious viral disease caused by type a influenza
can influenza be fatal in the immunosuppressed
yes
how is the flu transmitted
via infected droplets
what is the pathophysiology of the flu
virus binds ro respiratory epithelium flu virus directs the host to multiply the virus through foreign genetic material human cells are destroyed necrosis of the respiratory tract
what does the flu vaccine do
produces specific antibodies that inhibit binding and entry into cells