Titration
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What is a titration?
Systematically adding small amounts of one standard substance to another unknown substance to measure something
What is the equivalence point?
The point at which exactly equal amount of the standard has been added to completely react
What is half equivalence point?
Point at which reaction is exactly half complete -> pKa = pH has the conjugate base and acid are in equal amounts
What is the end point of a titration?
When we believe the reaction is complete i.e. we have reached the equivalence point as seen experimentally -> in theory this should be the equivalence point
How do you work out the pKa of an acid from the titration curve?
Find equivalence point -> find half equivalence point -> pH at this point = pKa
How do you work out pH at equivalence point?
Average pKa for the amphoteric species