Acylation
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What is the functional group of an acyl chloride
COCL
Give the functional group of an acid anhydride
(OC)2O
What mechanisms did acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides undergo and what is the reaction called
Nucleophillic addition elimination Acylation
What four compounds undergo acylation with acid derivatives
Water Ammonia Alcohol Primary amine
What products are produced when acyl chlorides reacts with water and give the equation
R-COCL+H20->R-COOH+HCL A carboxylic and HCL are produced
What is the organic product produced when acyl chlorides react with ammonia and give the equation
R-COCL+NH3->R-CONH2+HCL An amide is produced
Give the equation when there’s excess ammonia and its reacted with the acyl chlorides
R-COCL+2NH3->R-CONH2+NH4CL
What is the organic product produced when acyl chlorides react with alcohols and give the equation
An ester is produced R-COCL+R2-OH->R1-COOR2+HCL
What is the organic product produced when acyl chlorides react with primary amines and give the equation
An N-substituted amide is produced R1-COCL +R2-NH2->R1-CONHR2+HCL
What is meant by an N substituted amide
When it’s only attached to the N-substituted amide
Give the equation when left over amine is reacted with HCL
R1-COCL+2R2-NH2->R1-CONHR2+R2-NH3-CL
Why are reactions with acid anhydrides preferred than with acyl chloride
The reactions are easier to control They don’t produce toxic gas either
Why tho are reactions with acyl chlorides better
They are faster reactions
What organic products produced when acid anhydrides are reacted with water and give the equations
Two carboxylic acids are produced R1-(CO)2O-R2+H20->R1-Cooh+R2-COoh
What organic products are produced when acid anhydrides are reacted with primary amides and give the equations
R1-COOCO-R2+NH3->R1-CONH2+R2-COOH An amide and carboxylic acid are produced
What organic product is produced when acid anhydrides are reacted with alcohols and give the equations
R1-COOCO-R2+R3-OH->R1-COO-R3+R2-COOH A carboxylic and an Ester is produced
What is the organic product produced when acid anhydrides are reacted with primary amines and give the equations
N-Substitued amides and carboxylic acids are produced R1-COOCO-R2+R3-NH2->R1-CONH-R3+ R2-COOH
How is aspirin produced
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid is reacted with either ethanoic acid,ethanoyl chloride or ethanoic anhydride Under heat and reflux
Why is Ethanoic anhydride used in the reaction with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
As it’s reasonably fast but it doesn’t produce toxic fumes