6.2.5 Organic Synthesis
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alkane
C-C
alkene
C=C
haloalkane
C-Cl
alcohol
C-OH
aldehyde
H-C=O
ketone
C-(C=O)-C
carboxylic acid
-COOH
ester functional group
O=C-O
acyl chloride
O=C-Cl
amide
O=C-N
nitrile
C-C≡N
hydroxynitrile
HO-C-C≡N
amine
C-NH2 C-NH-C C-N(C)-C
amino acid
NH2 - CH(R) - COOH
phenol
⌬-OH
alkane + halogen
haloalkane -requires UV light
alkene + H2
alkane - Nickel catalyst - 423 K
alkene + halogen
haloalkane - room temp
alkene + halogen halide
haloalkane - room temp
alkene + H2O(g)
• alcohol • H3PO4 • high temp/pressure
1° alcohol + [O] (initial)
aldehyde (+H2O) - K2Cr2O7/H+ - heat and distill
1° alcohol + [O] (continued)
carboxylic acid (+H2O) - K2Cr2O7/H+ - reflux
2° alcohol + [O]
ketone - K2Cr2O7/H+ - reflux
alcohol dehydration
alkene - H3PO4/H2SO4 - reflux