Neurological Bases of Speech and Language
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study of manner and location of linguistic processing
Neurolinguistics
basic unit of nervous system
neuron
3 parts of neuron
• Dendrites • Soma • Axon
this part of a neuron transmits signals away from body
axon
this part of a neuron receives information
dendrites
neurons connect here
synapse
Three types of brain functions
1) regulation 2) processing 3) formulation
Two types of nervous system and their body parts
• Central (CNS) - brain and spinal cord • Peripheral (PNS) - cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What is the meninges
3 layers of connective tissue surrounding brain and spinal cord
3 parts of brainstem from superior to inferior
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
this part of the brain sorts and directs most sensory info to the cerebral cortex
thalamus
part of the brain that influences language processing and higher-level cognitive and emotional functions
cerebellum
outer layer of cerebrum
cerebral cortex
bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
corpus callosum
posterior part of frontal lobe responsible for motor movement
Motor cortex
brain activity that involves analysis, coding and storage
Processing
what brain function is responsible for planning?
formulation
collection of neurons
Nerve
What are the primary functions of the brainstem?
-regulates visceral activities -control of reflexes -pathway for communication btwn brain and spinal column
compact unit of neurons within the brain stem, job is to filter certain sensory info as important or not
Reticular formation
This type of matter is composed of dendrites, somas, and proximal parts of axons
gray
this type of matter is composed of spinal tracts and myelinated axons
white
this part of the brain links endocrine and nervous systems, helping with heart rate, gland secretion and sleep
hypothalamus
part of brain that is the “center for respiration”
Medulla oblongata