Biology paper 2
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State the stages of meiosis
Organelles and chromosomes replicates. They move to the other end of the cell. cell divides. Copies separate and the second division takes place. Four haploid cells (gametes) each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
what happens when blood glucose concentration is to low?
pancreas releases glucagon which stimulates the glycogen to be converted into glucose and releases
Type 1 diabetes?
when somebody produces little to no insulin.
Type 2 diabetes?
when someone is resistant to their own insulin
what hormone is released at the beginning of the menstrual cycle.
FSH
what happens during day 14 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle
lining of the uterus is maintained
name every hormone involved in the menstrual cycle.
Follicle stimulating hormone. oestrogen. progesterone. luteinising hormone
what is in a food chain.
producer-primary consumer-secondary consumer-tertiary consumer(or apex predator).
what is a producer.
plants that make energy or food from the energy of the sun
what is biodiversity?
variety of all different species of organisms on earth.
list ways to manage biodiversity
Breeding programmes for endangered species. protecting rare habitats. encouraging farmers to keep margins and hedgerows in fields Reducing deforestation and co2 emissions recycling other than dumping waste in landfills
what is an ecosystem?
All living and non-living parts of a habitat.
what is interdependence?
when species rely on each other for food shelter and pollination as well as seed dispersal.
what is the term used for when species try to get enough resources to themselves amongst other species?
Competition
what can doctors give to woman if their level of FSH is too low to stimulate maturation in eggs.
FSH and LH in a fertility drug
What does in vitro fertilisation consist of?
• giving women FSH and LH to stimulate the growth of many eggs. • collecting the eggs from the woman • fertilising the egg with the fathers sperm in a laboratory • inserting an egg/s into the woman’s uterus.
what are disadvantages of IVF?
emotionally and physically stressful low success rates multiple births can cause risk to babies and mother
List the stages of the water cycle.
1) the sun’s energy evaporates the water on land turning it into water vapour. 2) the vapour rises and condenses as clouds 3) water falls from the clouds as precipitation 4) it drains into the sea and repeats
list the stages of the carbon cycle
1) co2 is removed from the atmosphere by plants(carbon is stored) 2) when plants and respire some carbon is returned into the atmosphere as co2 3) when animals eat plants carbon is stored in them 4) animals respire and some carbon is returned into teh atmosphere as co2 5) animals die and microorganisms feed on their remains and respire 6) combustion of wood also releases co2