Lecture 4: Cognitive science & school
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Students who take notes __ ______ remember more
by hand
How many hours should you study a week?
20 hours per week for all classes combined
Scientific evidence for learning styles is _____
weak. Never use a perceived learning style for not doing well in school.
what happens when people multitask?
Performance drops
What is the key to success?
time management
What are the benefits of the half hour method?
All important projects stat active in memory (allowing for incubation and connections to be made), just the right amount of time, allows time for questions, help and finish on time
What is the order of things you should do when studying
Walk outside, study, take a nap/sleep, repeat
Where to study?
study in lots of place to increase retention in a variety of environments
Why is sleep beneficial?
necessary for encoding long term memories
What is psychoeducational assessment?
Completed by clinical psychologists assessing cognitive and academic skills. Demonstrate a pattern of discrepancies. Percentiles (scale of 1-99) compares to a segment of the normal sample
What is the working definition of LD?
Unexpected academic underachievement and Affects a specific psychological process. Specific impairments are:Associated with dysfunction of the brain, Present since birth, Not primarily explained by the cultural, psychosocial, psychiatric factors or lack of educational opportunity, Distinct from global intellectual impairments and No academic improvement after intervention
What are the prevalence rates of the general population, the paul menton centre, and CU?
General population: 2.5% of adults age 15+ Paul menton centre: 29% of students identify their primary disability as a learning disability Carleton university: 1.88% population is registered with PMC with an LD
What are some specific cognitive in weaknesses in those with an LD?
Visual processing (Generating, storing, or retrieving images) Auditory processing (Processing sounds) Working memory (Manipulating information) Processing speed (Performing simple tasks quickly)
What is the pattern of strengths and weaknesses?
• Above Average intelligence • A specific academic weakness • A specific cognitive processing weakness • There is a meaningful relationship between the cognitive deficit and the academic deficit
What are some reading based disabilities?
Word recognition/ phonology (dyslexia), Fluency, Comprehension
What is metacognition?
the “ability to consciously and deliberately monitor and regulate ones knowledge, processes, and cognitive and affective states” Cognitive process “is one in which mental contents are operated on in order to produce some response”
What is self regulated learning?
planning and monitoring, testing, revising and evaluating strategies employed when learning and reading
What is affective vs cognitive states?
Affective states is managing emotions (e.g., anxiety and worry) Cognitive states is managing internal (e.g., thoughts) and external distractions (e.g., sustaining focus despite external noises)