CARBOHYDRATES
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Hydrates of aldehyde or ketone derivatices based on the location of the CO functional group
Carbohydrates
Simplest Carbohydrate (CHO)
Glycol Adlehyde
Only carbohydrate to be directly used for energy or stored as glycogen
Glucose
The ___ is completely dependent on blood glucose for energy produce 2/3 of glucose utilization in adults occurs in CNS
Brain
Glucose metabolism generates ___ as intermediate products
Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid Acetylcoenzyme A
Product of complete oxidation of glucose
CO2 H2O ATP
Reducing substances/ sugars
Glucose Maltose Fructose Lactose Galactose
Most common nonreducing sugar
Sucrose
Nonreducing sugars do not contain what?
Active ketone or aldehyde group
Both an endocrine and exocrine organ in the control of carbohydrate metabolism
Pancreas
Why is pancreas an endocrine gland?
It secretes hormones: Insulin Glucagon Somatostatin
Why is pancreas an exocrine gland?
It produces and secretes Amylase breakdown of ingested complex carbohydrates
Primary hormone responsible for the entry of glucose
Insulin
Where is Insulin synthesized in the pancreas
Beta cells
Normally released whn glucose levels are high
Insulin
Only hormone that decreases glucose levels also called as a Hypoglycemic agent
Insulin
Insulin Promotes what
Glycogenesis Lipogenesis Glycolysis
Glucose to Gylcogen
Glycogenesis
Glucose to Fatty Acid
Lipogenesis
Glucose to Pyruvate or Lactate to Energy
Glycolysis
Glycogen to Glucose
Glycogenolysis
Glucose-6-phosphate from non-carbohydrate sources
Gluconeogenesis
Fats to Energy
Lipolysis
Primary hormone responsible for increasing glucose (Hyperglycemic agent)
Glucagon