Land and Soil Pollution
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It refers to the presence in the soil of a chemical or substance out of place and/or in higher than normal concentration that has adverse effects on any non-targeted organism.
Soil Pollution
Soil pollution often can not be directly assessed or visually perceived, making it a _____________
Hidden danger
Main Anthropogenic Sources of Soil Pollution
(CDLMAP) - Chemicals used in or produced as byproducts of industrial activities - Domestic, - Livestock, and - Municipal wastes (including wastewater) - Agrochemicals - Petroleum-derived products
instances/examples of chemicals released to the environment accidentally
from oil spills or leaching from landfills
instances/examples of chemicals released to the environment intentionally
use of fertilizers and pesticides, irrigation with untreated wastewater, or land application of sewage sludge
Soil pollution also results from (3):
• atmospheric deposition • incomplete combustion of many substances • radionuclide deposition
Instances/Examples of atmospheric deposition which results to soil pollution
smelting, transportation, spray drift from pesticide applications,
Instances/Examples of radionuclide deposition which results to soil pollution
from atmospheric weapons testing and nuclear accidents.
the upper layer of the Earth’s crust
Soil
the upper layer of the Earth’s crust transformed by ___and ___ and ___processes
weathering, physical/chemical and biological processes
a. Soil is composed of (5): b. they are arranged in
a. MOWAL Mineral particles Organic matter Water Air Living organisms b. genetic soil horizons
an important aspect of nutrient management
SOIL COMPOSITION
hold and store nutrients
soil minerals and organic matter
readily provides nutrients for plant uptake
soil water
plays an integral role since many of the microorganisms that live in the soil need air to undergo biological processes that release additional nutrients into the soil
soil air
Basic component of Soil Percentage: a. Mineral Particles b. Organic Matter b.1 Organisms b.2 Roots b.3 Humus c. Water d. Air
a. Mineral Particles – 45% b. Organic Matter – 5% b.1 Organisms – 10% b.2 Roots – 10% b.3 Humus – 80% c. Water – 20-30% d. Air – 20-30%
In reality, the soil is very __ and __
complex and dynamic
The composition of the soil can fluctuate on a daily basis, depending on numerous factors such as:
-Water Supply -Cultivation Practices -Soil Type
plays a vital role in soil fertility
Soil Minerals
mineral surfaces serve as potential sites for ___
nutrient storage
the principal process that acts upon the earth’s primary minerals
Weathering
smaller and finer particles formed by weathering
soil
Types of weathering (2):
• Physical weathering • Chemical Weathering
a process that breaks up and disintegrates parent rock, or primary minerals, within the earth
Physical Weathering