definitions

is a protein isolated from bacteria that splices DNA sequences at sequence-specific sites, creating DNA fragments with a known sequence at the end

naturally occurring in bacterium/being able to restrict viruses

same forwards and backwards on both strands of DNA

allows enzyme to know where to cut, can recognize sequence on both strands, and insures that both strands are cut

when another type of restriction enzyme cuts a DNA sequence to create two uneven ends that connect back to one another easily (puts fragments together easy)

when a certain restriction enzyme separates a DNA sequence to create two ends of DNA which are equal on both sides (keeps fragments together)

attaches and rejoins DNA bases with complementary bases

fabricated by combining different parts of an organism into one (DNA that has been cut and pasted)

separates large DNA fragments from small DNA fragments

DNA is negative, when the machine is turned on the positive magnets pull the fragments through the gel

travel through gel faster because there is less of it

travel through gel slower because there is more of it

to compare the lengths of the fragments (measured in base pairs)

putting plasmid into bacteria

shock, poison, cook

• cut plasmid and gene of interest • mix plasmid and gene of interest • dna ligase seals them • transform (shock, poison, cook) • it replicates during cell division

A PCR is a method that allows DNA copies to be made!! It uses a thermal cycler (PCR Machine)

allows us to create/duplicate DNA strands relatively easily compared to other methods.

• heat: denature-creates two strands • build dna: annealing- primers add or “attach” a short piece of single stranded complementary DNA to both ends of the original DNA strand. • taq polymerase adds free floating nucleotides to each strand,

they prepare or “prime” the site where taq polymerase can start working. This also ensures that either sides of the target region are copied on the Template DNA.

adds free floating nucleotides to each strand

tells us the sequence of the strands

cutting and pasting dna

-viral vectors -gene gun