cancer + genetic basis of cancer
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
how many canadians will develop cancer in their lifetime
1 in 2
how many canadians will die of cancer
1 in 4
list the 4 most common types of cancer in order
lung, breast, colorectal, prostate
list 3 things that may influence cancer development
genetics, environmental influences, lifestyle choices
15% of colorectal cancers are due to inhertied mutations in the ___ gene
APC
women who inherit a mutant ____ allele have a ___ change of developing breast cancer by the age of 50 (vs __%)
mutant BRCA-1 allele, 60% chance, vs 2%
women who have a heterozygous mutation in the ____ allele have an increased chance in developing ovarian cancer (__% vs __%)
BRCA-1 allele, 15-40% vs 2%
list 4 environmental influences of cancer
chemical carcinogens, X rays, UV radiation, exposure to certain viruses
T or F: when you move somewhere new, you adopt that country’s common cancer types and lose the common ones where you came from
true
list some lifestyle choices that may influence cancer development
smoking, diet/being overweight/obesity, lack of exercise, viruses, alcohol
___% of all cancers could be eliminated by lifestyle choices
50%
the process by which cancer forms is called ____ or ____
oncogenesis or tumorigenesis
how many independent mutations are required to make a cancer cell
5-6
describe the multi hit model
mutations in genes that control cell growth and division lead to a mutant cell that does not follow the normal rules. Multiple mutations occur to develop cancer
what observation supports the multi hit model
most cancers occur later in life
describe the steps in tumor formation
an accidental mutation occurs within an epithelial cell. This cell proliferates = more mutated cells. Continued proliferation = tumor development
what two features define a cancer cell
it reproduces uncontrollably and it invades/colonizes areas where it’s not normally located
T or F: an abnormal cell that proliferates uncontrollably will ultimately give rise to a tumor
true
describe a benign tumor
small and localized, noninvasive, only become a medical problem if it gets too big that it interferes with normal processes or if it secretes an excessive amount of a biological substance
describe a malignant tumor
composed of cells that can invade nearby tissue (thereby causing secondary tumors to form at new sites = metastasis)
what is a carcinoma
from epithelial cells
what is a sarcoma
from connective tissue/muscle cells
what is a myeloma/leukemia/lymphoma
from WBCs or their precursors
what is the most common form of a malignant tumor + why
carcinoma: epithelial cells have the highest cell turnover rate, and these cells are most likely to be exposed to cancer causing agents