Key definitions
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Acid
A proton donor. It reacts with bases to form salt and water
Acidic oxide
An oxide that reacts with a base to form a salt and water
Acid rain
Rain with a ph. below 5.6 due to the reaction of acidic gases and rain water
Activation energy
The minimum energy required for particles to react when they collide
Addition polymerisation
A reaction in with monomers containing c=c double bonds react to form polymers without any other substance being formed.
Addition reaction
In organic chemistry, a reaction where two molecules combine to give a single product
Alcohol
A compound containing the -OH functional group, having the new general formula CnH2n+1OH
Alkali
A soluble base
Alkali metals
The elements in group 1 of the periodic table
Alkane
A hydrocarbon with only single bonds
Alkene
A hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds
Alloy
A mixture of a metal with another element or elements
Amphoteric oxide
An oxide that reacts with both acids and bases to form a salt and water
Anhydrous (salts)
Salts without any water of crystallisation
Anion
A negative ion
Anode
The positive electrode
Anomalous result
A result or piece of data that does not fit the pattern of the rest of the data
Atom
The smallest part of an element that can take part in chemical change
Avogadro constant
The number of defined particles in one mole of those particles
Base
A proton acceptor. It reacts with acids to form a salt and water
Basic oxide
An oxide that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water
Bond energy
The energy needed to break one mole of covalent bonds between two particular atoms
Brownian motion
The random movement of small visible particles in a suspension caused by unequal random bombardment of molecules of liquid or gas on the visible particles.
Carbohydrates
The general name for simple and complex sugars having the general formula Cx(H2O)y