Bio ecology last minute things

A variety!: - Atmospheric gases like CO2 and CH4. - Oceanic carbonates - including bicarbonates dissolved in the water and CaCO3 in corals and shells. - As organic materials (carbohydrates lipids and proteins found in living things) - As non-living remains (detritus and fossil fuels.

• Carbon enters the atmosphere as CO2 from respiration and combustion. • CO2 absorbed by producers during photosynthesis to make carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. • Animals feed on producers, passing carbon compounds through the food chain. respirayion releases CO2. • Decomposers brea down dead organisms and return CO2 to atmosphere. • Incomplete decomposition can cause fossilisation, forming fossil fuels for future combustion.

• the breakdown of organic materials by specialized microorganisms in the absence of oxygen.

plants that lived in swampy environments in water logged soils.

• Plants live then die because environment is low in oxygen, they wont be fully decomposed. • They will build up in layers. • Peat will form (soft brown material made form only partially decomposed abiotic organisms). • Layers of sand + mud will cover the peat over time. • As layers build up, temp + pressure will inc over time (million years). • The peat will change to coal.

• Lignite: its the first form of coal formed from coal • Its soft + brown and low in energy. • Bituminous coal: it forms from more pressure and heat, its medium in energy and harder and darker. • Anthracite: its the very hard and black, shiny coal (high in energy). r

• Average weather in a place for many years. • It takes hundreds, thousands, or even million years to change.

• A natural process where the the atmosphere behaves like a greenhouse to trap and retain heat.

• Ensures that the earth maintains a moderate temps needed by organisms to maintain life proccesses. • Without it, the earth temp would drop significantly at night with absence of direct sunlight.

• Incoming radiation from the Sun is shortwave radiation (ultraviolet radiation and visible light). • The surface of the Earth absorbs the shortwave radiation. • The Earth re-emits the energy as longwave infrared radiation (heat). • Greenhouse gases absorb and re-radiate the longwave radiation. • This retains heat within the atmosphere and keeps the Earth warm.

• Deforestation – the removal of trees means that less carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis. • Increased farming / agriculture – this involves land clearing for cattle grazing, also ruminant cattle produce methane

• CO2

• Tiny organisms living in the sea die and sink to the bottom. • Low oxygen prevents full decay/decomposition. • They will be burried under sediments (layers of mud and sand) • Heat and pressure increase, with years temp also increases. • It will turn into natural gas and oil. • The liquid part will become oil. • The gas will become natural gas. • They will form a reservoir: all gas and oil will be trapped under impermeable rock layers.