Organic Chemistry ll
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What are alcohols?
organic molecules containing -OH functional group
Formula for Methanol
CH3OH
Formula for ethanol
C2H5OH
Formula for Propanol
C3H7OH
Formula for Butanol
C4H9OH
Ethanol molecular formula
C2H6O
Structural formula for ethanol
CH3 CH2 OH
What are the two methods to manufacture ethanol
Hydration of Ethene Fermentation of Glucose
What is the hydration of Ethene
Ethene gas is mixed with steam
Conditions for Hydration of ethene
300 degrees Celsius 65 atm pressure Phosphoric acid catalyst
What raw material is used in the hydration of ethene
Crude oil provides Ethene
Advantages to the hydration of Ethene
Makes pure ethanol Can run continuously
Disadvantages of Hydration of ethene
Non renewable raw material used Conditions require a lot of energy - expensive
What is the fermentation of glucose
Glucose is fermented microbiologically
What are the conditions for fermentation of glucose
Yeast - provides enzymes 30 degrees Celsius - optimum temp for enzymes Anaerobic - prevents oxidation
Raw material used in the fermentation of glucose
Sugar cane provides the glucose
Advantages of fermentation of glucose
Renewable raw material used Conditions not energy intensive
Disadvantages of glucose fermentation
Must be done in individual batches Makes impure ethanol
What are the three ways ethanol can be oxidised
Combustion Microbial Oxidation Chemical Oxidation
What is the result of ethanol combustion
Non luminous, Blue flame
How does microbial oxidation work
Microbes can use oxygen in the air to oxidise ethanol into ethanoic acid
Conditions for microbial oxidation
Aerobically - presence of oxygen
Three stages to chemical oxidation
• Heat It • Add Potassium Dichromate (VI) • Dilute sulfuric acid
What colour change occurs in chemical oxidation
Orange to green