Structure and functions of living organisms - Plant Nutrition and Plant transportation
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what is photosynthesis and what is its main product?
Photosynthesis turns light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose ( Sugars )
What is the word equation and balanced equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water —) glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H20 —) C6H12O6 + 6O2
What does a leaf cell include ( 4 things )
1) Upper/Lower epidermis 2) palisade mesophyll 3) Spongy mesophyll 4) Xylem and Phloem ( Vascular Bundle )
What adaptations does a plant cell have for photosynthesis
The epiderma’s are thin, see-through and don’t contain chloroplast so light can pass into the cell. The palisade mesophylls are tightly packed meaning that they absorb more light. A plant cell also has a big surface area to absorb more light
How do you test for how light intensity and temperature effect the rate of photosynthesis
1)Place pond weed in a beaker of water 2)Change the independent variable 3)Leave for 5 Minutes to allow pond weed to adapt to environment 4)Count the number of air bubbles produced in a fixed period of time 5)Increase or decrease the independent variable by a fixed increment (e.g. distance of lamp to change light intensity) 6)Repeat process to obtain a range of data and analyze results
What are three things that effect the rate of photosynthesis
1) C02 concentration 2) Light intensity 3) temperature
What do plants require for growth, what is needed for chlorophyll and what is needed for amino acids
1) Mineral ions 2) Magnesium ions 3) Nitrate ions
What adaptions do leaves have for gas exchange
The Leaf has a stomata which opens and closes when gas exchange is available, stopping the leaf from losing as much water
What is the phloem’s role in the leaf
moves food substances that the plant has produced by photosynthesis
What is the xylem’s role in the leaf
To carry water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plan
How is water absorbed by root hair cells
Water is transferred into the root hair cell as mineral ions move into the cell through active transport meaning that inside the root hair cell has a lower water potential than outside, so water moves in through osmosis
What is transpiration
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant
What 4 things affect the rate of transpiration
1) Changes in humidity 2) Wind speed 3) Temperature 4) Light Intensity
2.58B Practical: Investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot
https://www.savemyexams.com/igcse/biology/edexcel/19/revision-notes/2-structure-and-function-in-living-organisms/transport-systems/2-58b-practical-factors-affecting-transpiration/
Why can simple, unicellular organisms rely on diffusion for the movement of substances in and out of the cell
As the surface area to volume ratio is large, so there is a lot of surface area for diffusion and not much volume to travel within
Why do multicellular organisms need a transport system
To be able to get all of the substances that cells need to the correct place as they cannot rely o diffusion due to having a low surface area to volume ratio