Alcohols.
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What is the starting material if you want to produce a primary alcohol?
An aldehyde.
What is the starting material if you want to produce a secondary alcohol?
A ketone.
What can be used to reduce carboxylic acids?
Lithium aluminium hydride.
What is normally used to reduce primary and secondary alcohols?
Lithium aluminium hydride. LiAlH4. Sodium borohydride. NaBH4.
Can sodium borohydride be used to reduce carboxylic acids?
No.
If an ester is reduced to an alcohol, what kind of alcochol is formed?
A primary alcohol.
What is the reagent of choice for reducing esters?
LiAlH4. But NaBH4 can be used.
If an epoxide is reduced to an alcohol, how many carbons are added to the chain?
2.
How can a dialdehyde be reduced to a diol?
Dialdehyde can be reduced to a diol Using H2 in the presence of Nickel. It can be reduced by sodium borohydride and Lithium Aluminum hydride.
If a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react, what is produced?
An ester.
What will a primary alcohol oxidise into?
A carboxylic acid.
What reagent is needed to make a primary alcohol oxidise into an aldehyde?
PCC
What will a secondary alcohol oxidise into?
A ketone.
Can tertiary alcohols be oxidised?
No.
What is the oxidation number of chromium?
+6.
What gets oxidises alcohol in the liver?
NAD+.
Which enzyme turns ethanol to ethanal?
Alcohol dehydrogenase.
Alcohol to aldehyde is what kind of reaction?
Oxidation.
What inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase?
Disulfiram.
Which enzyme helps turn pyruvic acid to lactic acid?
Lactic acid dehydrogenase.
What is the general formula of a thiol?
CnH2n+1SH.
If an alcohol is dehydrated, what is formed?
An alkene.
What is oxidation?
Gain of O, O2, or X2; loss of H2.
What is reduction?
Gain of H2 (or H-); loss of O or O2; and loss of X2.