- Chemical Tests
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Hydrogen
Lit splint makes a squeaky pop
Oxygen
Relights glowing splint
Carbon Dioxide
• Bubble through limewater - Turns milky (white precipitate of CaCO3)
Carbonates
• React with acids - Effervescence, CO2 test
Sulfates
• Add barium chloride - White precipitate of barium sulfate
Cu2+ ion
• Add dilute sodium hydroxide - Blue, gelatinous precipitate of Cu(OH)2
Fe2+ ion
• Add dilute sodium hydroxide - Green, gelatinous precipitate of Fe(OH)2
Fe3+
• Add dilute sodium hydroxide - Rust-brown, gelatinous precipitate of Fe(OH)3
Alcohols
• Add potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid - Orange to green
Alkenes
• Add bromine - Orange to colourless
Ammonia/Ammonium Salts
• Damp red litmus paper - Turns blue
Halide ions
• Add silver nitrate • Chlorine -> white • Bromine -> cream • Iodine -> yellow
NH4+ ions
• Add aqueous OH- - Ammonia produced (damp red litmus paper turns blue)