B.1.2 Structure and function of connective tissue

Long: cylindrical shaft and are enlarged at both ends. They are important for movement e.g femur Short: small cubed shaped e.g carpales and tarsals Flat: curved surfaces they can be thick or thin, used for protection and muscle attachment e.g sternum Irregular: specialised shapes and function e.g vertebrae

• protection • support • blood cell production • muscle attachment

Bone contains protein (collagen) fibres, water and mineral salts. Bone can not be stretched or torn apart.

The midsection of the bone is called the diaphysis which is made up of compact bone (solid+dence). The end of the bone are called the proximal and distal epiphysis which is made up of spongy bone were red bone marrow is stored. Bone that is not covered by the cartilage is covered in a thin shiny white membrane called the periosteum which is important for bone growth and repair. Medullary cavity is the space where yellow bone marrow is stored. Small opening called the nutrient foramen, blood vessels pass through entering the medullary cavity and provide with blood and nutrients.

The midsection of a long bone and is made up of compact bone which is solid and dence

At the ends of the long bone which is made from spongy bone where red bone marrow is stored.

a thin layer which covers the end of bones to reduce friction between bones and obsorb shock

A thin, shiny white membrane which is important for bone growth, repair and attachment for ligaments and tendons

Located within the diaphysis where yellow bone marrow is stored

Opening in the diaphysis where blood vessels pass through, entering the medullary cavity and provide blood and nutrients

• Two or more bones come into contact with eachother • Increase mobility of the body and limbs. • There are different types fo joints

• Strong flexible tissues that connect bone to bone • Restrain joint movements that are not capable • They can be torn if stretched violently and take a long time to recover

Conective tissue located between and surrounding other tissues, made up of fibrous tissue

Empimysium (outside layer) Perimysium (surrounds bundles) Endomysium (in-between individual muscle fibres)

Tough and flexible tissue that connects muscle to bone

Fibrous joints - no movment can accure Cartilaginous joints - limited movement Synovial joints - important for body mobility

Space between the bones called the joint cavity, thier is cartilage covering the bones to reduce friction. Articular capsule surrounds the joint and is flexible to allow movement. Inside the capsule is lined by synovial membrane that has synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

Hinge joint - one direction flex and extension e.g elbow and knee Ball and socket joint - large amount of movment e.g shoulder and hip Pivot joint - allow rotaion e.g radioulnar Gliding joint - flat bones gliding back and forth across e.g tarsels Saddle joint - allows movement up and down and side to side, with a small amount of rotation e.g thumb carple bones Condyloid joint - allow wrist movment up and down and side to side e.g carple bones